think for himself, not repeat others’ ideas. Emerson offers a spiritual and moral perspective on education. He wants the scholar to lead society with truth, courage, and wisdom. Thus, his purpose is both intellectual and national.

Influence of Nature: Emerson gives the first and greatest place to Nature. He believes that Nature is the best teacher of man. When the scholar observes the beauty and order of Nature, he feels a sense of unity with the universe. Nature shapes his spirit and makes him creative. Emerson says that by studying Nature, a scholar learns about his own soul. The rhythm of day and night, or heat and cold, teaches him balance. 

Use of Books: The second influence on the scholar is that of Books. Emerson gives a clear warning here. He says, 

“Books are the best of things, well used; abused, among the worst.”

Books contain the wisdom of the past, but they should not enslave the reader. The scholar must read books for inspiration, not blind imitation. 

Need of Action: The third influence on the scholar is Action. Emerson believes that thought becomes truth only through action. He says that action gives the raw material from which the intellect builds wisdom. The scholar must work and face life to gain real experience. He must not live in books alone but mix with the ordinary people. Through activity and struggle, he finds truth. Action unites him with society and makes him more human and wise.

Duties of the Scholar: Emerson also explains the responsibilities of the scholar. He calls the scholar “the world’s eye” and “the world’s heart.” His duty is, as Emerson says, “to cheer, to raise and to guide men by showing them facts amidst appearances.” The scholar must have self-trust, courage, and independence. He should be ready to suffer poverty or loneliness for the truth. Emerson writes, 

“Not he is great who can alter matter, but he who can alter my state of mind.”

Thus, the scholar’s task is moral and spiritual leadership.

Style of The Essay: Emerson’s style in “The American Scholar” is unique and powerful. His prose often sounds like poetry. His sentences are concise, direct, and rich in meaning. His ideas are deep but expressed in simple language. Like Bacon, his sentences are aphoristic and memorable. Sometimes, his thoughts seem loosely connected, but a single idea and a consistent rhythm unite them. He employs imagery, comparison, and moral tone to elevate the reader’s mind. The style shows beauty, energy, and faith in the human spirit.

In short, “The American Scholar” is both a philosophy and a call to action. It teaches that a scholar must learn from Nature, Books, and Action, and then serve mankind with truth and courage. Emerson’s language is rich, rhythmic, and full of poetic beauty. His essay builds a new vision of America.