The Study of Poetry

Essay | Matthew Arnold
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How does Arnold Define 18th-Century Poetry?

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How does Arnold define 18th-century poetry or literature?

Matthew Arnold (1822 – 1888), in his essay “The Study of Poetry” (1880), talks about the poetry of the 18th century with both appreciation and criticism. This period is popularly known as “The Neo-classical Age” (1660-1785). Arnold believes that this period in English literature was important but limited in terms of achieving true poetic greatness. Let us look at the points to understand how Arnold defines 18th-century poetry or literature.

The Influence of Prose and Reason: Arnold begins by highlighting that the 18th centuries were dominated by prose and reason. People of this age value logic, balance, and clear writing above all. This focus on reason shaped both prose and poetry. Arnold writes, 

We are to regard Dryden as the puissant and glorious founder, Pope as the splendid high priest, of our age of prose and reason. 

Arnold thinks their poetry is more like prose—good for logic but
not for expressing deep feelings.

Lack of High Seriousness: One of Arnold’s strongest criticisms of 18th-century poetry is its lack of high seriousness. High seriousness means that the best poems talk about serious and deep topics in a way that makes us think and feel. He states, 

The accent of high seriousness, born of absolute sincerity, is what gives to such verse its power.

In his view, poets like Dryden and Pope fail to deliver profound messages about life. It reduces the lasting value of their poetry.

Skilled in Form but Lack of Emotion: Arnold admits that 18th-century poets were very skilled in the way they wrote. Their technique was strong, but their poems did not have the deep feelings found in other poets. He gives the example of Pope’s verse. He notes that Pope’s poetry does not have the deep poetic view of life that great poetry needs.

In simple words, Arnold thinks the 18th century was good at making clear, balanced writing, but it did not reach the highest levels of poetry. It lacked deep emotions and important ideas that make poetry timeless and classic.

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