Macbeth

Drama | William Shakespeare

Evaluate Macbeth as a tragedy of ambition.

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Evaluate 'Macbeth' as a tragedy of overweening ambition. 

Or, Evaluate Macbeth as a tragedy of ambition.

First performed in 1606, “Macbeth” is Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) shortest and most action-packed tragedy. The play tells the story of how Macbeth's ambition to take the crown turns him into a ruthless murderer. Macbeth’s overweening ambition ultimately leads to his tragic death. Shakespeare shows how unchecked ambition destroys lives. Here, we will evaluate this play as a tragedy of ambition. 

Macbeth’s Ambition: In this play, ambition is the main cause of the tragedy. At the beginning, Macbeth was a brave and loyal general in Scotland. He is praised by the king for his courage in battle. People respect him. But everything changes after the three witches’ prophecy. The witches foretell that Macbeth will be the king of Scotland:

“All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!”

This prophecy sparks Macbeth’s ambition. His desire to be king grows very
strong. A good man at first, he now thinks of killing King Duncan and taking the crown. His ambition leads him deep into the path of evil.

Lady Macbeth’s Ambition and Influence: Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth, plays a big role in this tragedy. She is more ambitious than her husband. When she hears about the witches’ prophecy, she immediately wants Macbeth to become king. But she knows that Macbeth is too kind to do what is needed. So, she decides to guide and force him to take the crown. She urges they have to act strong, like a man: 

“When you durst do it, then you were a man.”

Moreover, she teaches Macbeth to hide his evil intentions behind a smiling face: “Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t.” Because of her strong words and plans, Macbeth finally agrees to kill Duncan.

More Crimes by Macbeth: After the murder of King Duncan, there is no turning back for Macbeth. He becomes a ruthless murderer to protect his throne. Because of his overweening ambition, Macbeth is now trapped in a cycle of bloodshed. He kills his friend Banquo and orders the murder of Macduff’s family. One trouble comes after another for Macbeth. We get this idea from the three witches, as they say:

“Double, double toil and trouble:”

Macbeth’s ambition has made him cruel and heartless. He is no longer the brave soldier he once was. His every action is now controlled by fear and ambition. It leads him further down the path of evil. All these make this play a classic tragedy of ambition.

Macbeth’s Fall: Each crime makes Macbeth more isolated and hated. His guilt haunts him. He even loses his loving wife, Lady Macbeth, who goes mad because of her guilt. Macbeth realizes that his ambition has destroyed him. Macbeth realizes the futility of his ambition and life itself. As Macbeth says, the most famous lines of the play:

“Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player...

It is a tale

Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,

Signifying nothing.”

At the end, Macbeth is killed by Macduff. While Macbeth’s death is deserved, the audience still feels pity for him. Because he was not an evil person at the beginning. The audience feels fear at seeing how unchecked ambition can destroy a good soul.

For these reasons, “Macbeth” becomes a classic tragedy of ambition. The play gives a strong warning about the danger of ambition. Ambition is not evil by itself. But when it grows too strong and turns selfish, it can ruin a person. Shakespeare uses Macbeth to teach us an important lesson: unchecked ambition corrupts the soul and leads to self-destruction. 

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William Shakespeare
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