Mother Courage and Her Children

Novel | Bertolt Brecht

“Mother Courage and Her Children” is an anti-war play. Discuss.

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“Mother Courage and Her Children” is an anti-war play. Discuss. [NU: 2018, 21] ★★★

“Mother Courage and Her Children” delivers messages about war, human nature, and conflict. Explain. 

Bertolt Brecht’s (1898–1956) play “Mother Courage and Her Children” (1941) was written during the Second World War. Brecht hated war. He wanted to show that war does not bring glory, but only loss. In this play, the Thirty Years’ War forms the background. The story of Mother Courage and her children shows how war destroys families, spoils morals, and ruins common people.

War Destroys Family Bonds: In the Prologue, Mother Courage enters with her wagon. Her sons, Eilif and Swiss Cheese, pull the cart. Her daughter Kattrin plays the harmonica. Tog

ether they sing,

“Here’s Mother Courage and her wagon!

Hey, Captain, Let them come and buy!”

She seems happy with Eilif, Swiss Cheese, and Kattrin. But soon, the Recruiting Officer takes Eilif away. Later, Swiss Cheese is shot, and Kattrin is killed. War tears the family apart. Brecht shows through the story that war never protects families. It only breaks them.

War Changes Morality into Crime: Eilif is praised as a hero when he steals cattle and kills peasants. The Commander rewards him. He sings proudly,

“The soldier laughs and loads his gun.”

Mother Courage warns him,

“Didn’t I teach you to take care of yourself, you Finnish devil, you?”

But later, when peace comes, Eilif is executed for the same act. War turns crime into heroism and then back into crime. Brecht’s message is clear: war has no moral truth. It only uses people and then destroys them.

War Exploits Honesty and Loyalty: Swiss Cheese becomes paymaster. Mother Courage says, 

“Don’t forget they made you paymaster because you’re honest.”

He keeps the regimental cash box safe, even when captured. But this honesty does not save him. Mother Courage tries to ransom him, but bargains too long. Soldiers shoot him. Brecht shows the anti-war truth: in war, honesty has no value. War destroys loyalty and rewards only cruelty.

War Victimizes Women: The play shows how women suffer in war. Yvette tells how she was used and abandoned by soldiers. Kattrin, who is mute, is scared when soldiers attack her. In the end, she dies beating the drum to save the villagers. Mother Courage herself loses all her children. Brecht shows war as a system that uses women for trade, love, and sacrifice. War leaves them broken.

War Leaves Only Emptiness: At the end, Mother Courage is left alone. Eilif is executed, Swiss Cheese is shot, and Kattrin is killed. Yet she pulls her wagon again. Earlier, Mother Courage had sung a fortune-telling song with slips of paper. She said, 

“So shall we all be torn asunder if we let ourselves get too deep into this war!”

That warning becomes true. The ending is deeply anti-war. There is no glory, no victory. Only emptiness, survival, and sorrow. Brecht makes the audience think about how war destroys everything, even those who depend on it.

“Mother Courage and Her Children” is one of the greatest anti-war plays. Brecht shows that war breaks families, corrupts morality, kills honesty, exploits women, and leaves only loss. Through the story of Mother Courage, Eilif, Swiss Cheese, Kattrin, and Yvette, he makes war look ugly, not heroic. The play teaches the audience to reject war. It is Brecht’s strongest anti-war message.

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