The American Scholar

Essay | Ralph Waldo Emerson

Describe Emerson’s philosophy of one man divided into many

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Describe, in detail, Emerson’s philosophy of one man divided into many.  [2020]

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) presents a bold and clear idea in “The American Scholar” (1837). He tells a fable of One Man. Long ago, the gods split One Man into many. Then society grew by parts and jobs. Each person kept one power only. The whole was lost in small pieces. Emerson mourns this loss of unity. He speaks to heal this break. He speaks to make men whole again. His words are plain, strict, and strong.

The Old Fable: Emerson starts with a wise tale. He says, 

“The old fable covers a doctrine ever new and sublime… there is One Man… and that you must take the whole society to find the whole man.” 

The meaning is simple. One spirit lives in all men. Each person holds only a part. No single job can define Man. The farmer alone is not Man. The teacher alone is
not a Man. Only the whole crowd shows the entire Man.

Division and Loss: After the split, the parts forgot the trunk. Skills were “parcelled out” to many hands. Then each worker saw only his tool. Dignity was lost in daily routine. Emerson shows this with a sharp line: 

“The planter, who is Man sent out into the field to gather food, is seldom cheered by any idea of the true dignity of his ministry.”

He sees bushel and cart only. He forgets the high aim. Thus, men walk as broken pieces.

Man Thinking Ideal: Emerson gives the cure and model. The scholar must be Man Thinking. He must not copy other minds. He must see nature, books, and life. He must unite thought and duty. Emerson warns us in clear words: 

“In the right state, he is Man Thinking. In the degenerate state… a parrot of other men’s thinking.”

So, the task is strong self-trust. A scholar has to think for truth, not for fame. Then the broken parts grow whole.

Books and Action: How can parts join again? The proper use of books can help in this regard. But blind study harms the mind. Emerson is blunt about that: 

“Books are the best of things, well used; abused, among the worst.”

He suggests to read to spark new thought. Read to serve living truth. Then act among common people. A scholar must has to work, talk, and learn their speech. Life turns to insight with time. Thus, thought and action weave unity. The divided person becomes rich and whole.

Return to Unity: The scholar has a public duty. He must keep brave, clear eyes. He must lift and guide all. Emerson sets the task in one line: 

“The office of the scholar is to cheer, to raise and to guide men by showing them facts amidst appearances.” 

He must face hunger and scorn. He must tell truth, not fashion. He must join class to class. Then One Man lives again. The nation gains a single mind.

In summary, Emerson’s fable is plain and deep. One Man was split for work and help. But the split made pride and loss. The cure is Man Thinking, with self-trust. He reads well, and he acts well. He serves truth, not fashion or gain. He joins the farmer, the clerk, and the priest. Then the parts come together as one whole. Thus, the scholar heals the age. Hence, the spirit of One Man returns.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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