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Poetry | William Butler Yeats

What is Yeats' attitude to old age in the poem Sailing to Byzantium?

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What is Yeats' attitude to old age in the poem Sailing to Byzantium In the poem Sailing to Byzantium William Butler Yeats describes a complex and uncertain attitude towards old age The poem written in is one of Yeats' most prominent works and is often regarded as a reflection on the themes of aging art and the search for immortality Intransient In the first stanza Yeats describes the world of nature as transient and impermanent contrasting it with the eternal world of deception and spirituality represented by the ancient city of Byzantium He sees the natural world as being consumed by time and decay The use of vivid imagery such as the salmon-falls mackerel-crowded seas and the young in one another's arms conveys a sense of vitality youthfulness and the cyclic nature of life He says The salmon-falls the mackerel-crowded seas Fish flesh or fowl commend all summer long Whatever

is begotten born and dies Mocking Attitude Yeats's attitude toward old age becomes more nuanced as the poem progresses He realizes the limitations of the natural world and the physical body expressing a sense of weariness and dissatisfaction with the constraints of aging He depicts himself as a tattered coat upon a stick implying a weak and aging body The phrase soul clap its hands and sing means a longing for a more accessible and spiritual existence free from physical limitations Optimistic Attitude In the final stanza Yeats wishes to be reborn as a golden bird in Byzantium a symbol of immortality and superiority This is a positive and hopeful attitude towards old age suggesting that through art and pursuing the spiritual one can find a sense of renewal and meaning in life even in the face of aging and mortality To keep a drowsy Emperor awake Or set upon a golden bough to sing To lords and ladies of Byzantium Of what is past or passing or to come Yeats' attitude towards old age in Sailing to Byzantium is intricate and multi-layered He realizes the limitations and decay associated with aging Still he also assumes the transformative power of art and spirituality

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William Butler Yeats
Literary Writer