Humanity: The central theme of the letter is humanity. Rabindranath Tagore shows that no political power is greater than human life and dignity. The cruelty of the British Government in Punjab exposed the hypocrisy of so-called civilization. Firing upon unarmed civilians was the ultimate insult to humanity. By renouncing his Knighthood, Tagore proved that true honor lies in love, compassion, and respect for human dignity. This letter is not merely a protest; it is a call for humanity.

Justice and Morality: In the letter, Tagore emphasizes moral values and righteousness. He says that when a state kills innocent people, its rule loses all claim to justice. Committing injustice in the name of justice is a disgrace to civilization. Therefore, he returns his title as a moral act of protest. His action teaches that honor has meaning only when it serves the cause of justice. Through this moral stance, Tagore rises above the role of a poet to become a philosopher of ethics.

Patriotism and Self-Respect: Tagore’s patriotism in the letter is profound and dignified. Though deeply hurt, he expresses himself in calm and respectful language: “The badges of honour make our shame glaring in the incongruous context of humiliation.” He rejects personal glory and places the dignity of his nation above everything else. His patriotism is not based on hatred, but on a love of truth and justice. His self-respect becomes a symbol of the collective pride of the Indian people. The letter teaches that true patriotism means standing firmly by one’s conscience.