Social Responsibility of the Writer: The central theme of this essay is that an African writer is not just a storyteller; he is a teacher of society. Colonial rule distorted African history and identity. Therefore, the writer’s task is to correct false ideas, present true history, and help people regain confidence in themselves. According to Achebe, the writer must lead from the front because he is the most sensitive part of the community. Just as African scientists, historians, and political thinkers work to solve problems in their own fields, the writer’s responsibility is to awaken the nation through literature.

Reclaiming African Identity and History: For many years, European writers portrayed Africa as barbaric, uncivilized, and without history. Achebe says it is one of the writer’s duties to break this false “myth of savagery.” He wants readers to understand that although Africa’s past had imperfections, it was never an age of darkness or savagery. Literature becomes a powerful tool to establish truth, restore national dignity, and remove wrong ideas about Africa’s past. Reclaiming history means rebuilding a new and confident identity.

Literature as a Tool of Education and Regeneration: Achebe believes that literature is not just art; it is a strong medium for education, for breaking false ideas, and for rebuilding society. Many young readers see the writer as a teacher, and from his books they learn morality, ideals, and direction. Achebe says the writer must lead the work of “re-education” and “regeneration.” These two ideas are central to the essay. Literature gives readers new hope, courage, and awareness.